Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
Nanocolloidals and nanomaterials with unique effects and potency are increasingly being considered for application in lung pathologies especially lung cancer. Various anticancer drugs have been extensively investigated for its pharmacological effects on lung cancer. However, clinical applications of hydrophobic drugs are limited due to poor solubility and low stability in aqueous medium. Nanoemulsion provides several advantages for pulmonary application and need to be formulated using biocompatible excipients due to stability and toxicity concerns. Single and dual drugs nanoemulsion systems formulated using palm-based esters and further characterized physico-chemically and aerodynamically will be discussed. Development of nanohubs from graphene, iron oxides, mesoporous silica and reticular materials were also explored. Though, when the carrier is considered as a whole system, several requirements on its aerodynamic properties should be taken into account for effective pulmonary delivery. These preliminary screening on aerosolization performance of nebulized nanohubs can possibly correlates the deposition with in vivo studies and implies that the formulations can be deposited in deep lung region, where the tumors are normally found. A sustained release of drugs and their kinetics analysis suggested slow released of drugs to the targeted site at lower pH. Based on in vitro and ex vivo studies, it is interesting to relate on how the nano size may affect nanotoxicity of the cells. Inhalation therapy of lipid-based and solid nanocarriers has great potential in direct target towards the respiratory diseases.