Marcus Brown, Jason Hardy*
Introduction: The study of mechanisms that control gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence is known as epigenetics. DNA methylation is the most well-known. The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition with an unknown aetiology, has been hypothesised to involve environmental effects on individuals who already have a genetic susceptibility. DNA methylation may have a pathogenic effect at the point where genetic predisposition and environmental influences converge. A review of the literature on the impact that environmental risk factors for the onset of MS can have on several epigenetic pathways and the impact that these alterations have on the progression of the illness.
Conclusion: Understanding the role of epigenetic alterations in the aetiology of MS opens up a new area of study that could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and treatment targets.